Introduction  

N-Methylol Acrylamide (N-MAM), with the CAS number 924-42-5, is a water-soluble crosslinking monomer widely used in the synthesis of polymeric emulsions and adhesives. Its molecular structure (C4H7NO2) incorporates a reactive hydroxymethyl group and a vinyl double bond, enabling dual functionality for polymerization and crosslinking. This makes N-MAM a critical component in enhancing the performance of aqueous latexes, coatings, and textile treatments while supporting eco-friendly formulations.  

Properties and Applications  

N-MAM appears as a white crystalline powder with a melting point of 74–75°C and a density of 1.074 g/cm³. It is highly soluble in water and alcohols but insoluble in hydrophobic solvents. Key applications include:  

1. Adhesives and Emulsions: As a crosslinker in self-crosslinking acrylate copolymer emulsions, N-MAM improves mechanical strength, water resistance, and durability. For instance, in pressure-sensitive adhesives, optimal usage ranges from 1% to 2% of total monomers. Exceeding 3% may reduce initial tack, while blends with acrylic acid (3:2 ratio) enhance efficiency and lower curing temperatures .  

2. Textile and Fiber Treatment: In nuclear-shell structured emulsions for spray-bonded cotton, N-MAM (at 3.3% content) optimizes film-forming properties, adhesion, and solvent resistance . It also serves as a modifier for fiber-resistant resins and dyeing aids.  

3. Paper, Leather, and Metal Coatings: N-MAM-based emulsions enhance surface sizing, ring crush strength, and folding endurance in paper processing. For leather and metal coatings, it provides stability under repeated freeze-thaw cycles .  

4. Soil Stabilization: As a soil modifier, N-MAM contributes to water retention and structural integrity in agricultural formulations like liquid mulches .  

Advantages in Industrial Formulations  

N-MAM enables low-temperature curing (120–170°C), reducing energy consumption. When combined with catalysts like acrylic acid, crosslinking temperatures drop further, facilitating mild-condition processing. Its compatibility with vinyl monomers (e.g., styrene, acrylates) allows tailored polymer networks for specific hardness, flexibility, or chemical resistance. In formaldehyde-free systems, alternatives like HA crosslinker can replace N-MAM, though with adjusted reactivity .  

Handling and Storage  

Store N-MAM in cool, dry, and ventilated areas to prevent self-polymerization. Prolonged storage at room temperature may cause insolubility in water, rendering it inactive. Safety protocols include using protective equipment and adhering to local regulations for hazardous chemicals.  

Conclusion  

N-Methylol Acrylamide remains a pivotal crosslinking agent for designing high-performance aqueous polymers. Its versatility in adhesives, textiles, coatings, and soil treatments underscores its value in sustainable industrial solutions. By optimizing concentration and copolymerization techniques, manufacturers can achieve balanced performance while meeting environmental standards.